Unit I Introduction to Decision support systems
and Business intelligence
Syllabus Topics :
Decision support systems: Definition of system,
representation of the decision-making process, evolution of information
systems, Decision Support System, Development of a decision support system, the
four stages of Simon’s decision-making process, and common strategies and approaches
of decision makers Business Intelligence: BI, its components &
architecture, previewing the future of BI, crafting a better experience for all
business users, End user assumptions, setting up data for BI, data, information
and knowledge, The role of mathematical models, Business intelligence
architectures, Ethics and business intelligence
Unit II The Architecture of DW and BI
Syllabus Topics :
BI and DW architectures and its types
- Relation between BI and DW - OLAP (Online analytical processing) definitions
- Different OLAP Architectures-Data Models-Tools in Business Intelligence-Role
of DSS, EIS, MIS and digital Dash boards – Need for Business Intelligence
Difference between OLAP and OLTP - Dimensional analysis - What are cubes?
Drill-down and roll-up - slice and dice or rotation - OLAP models - ROLAP versus MOLAP - defining schemas:
Stars, snowflakes and fact constellations.
Unit III Reporting Authoring
Syllabus Topics :
Building reports with relational vs
Multidimensional data models; Types of Reports – List, crosstabs, Statistics,
Chart, map, financial etc; Data Grouping & Sorting, Filtering Reports,
Adding Calculations to Reports, Conditional formatting, Adding Summary Lines to
Reports. Drill up, drill- down, drill-through capabilities. Run or schedule
report, different output forms – PDF, excel, csv, xml etc.
Unit IV Data preparation
Syllabus Topics :
Data validation: Incomplete data ,
Data affected by noise .Data transformation: Standardization , Feature
extraction. Data reduction : Sampling, Feature selection, Principal component analysis, Data
discretization. Data exploration : 1.Univarate analysis :Graphical analysis of
categorical attributes ,Graphical analysis of numerical attributes , Measures
of central tendency for numerical attributes , Measures of dispersion for
numerical attributes, Identification of outliers for numerical attributes
2.Bivariate analysis: Graphical analysis , Measures of correlation for
numerical attributes , Contingency tables for categorical attributes,
3.Multivariate analysis: Graphical analysis , Measures of correlation for
numerical attributes
Unit V Impact of Machine learning in Business
Intelligence Process
Syllabus Topics :
Classification: Classification
problems, Evaluation of classification models, Bayesian methods, Logistic
regression. Clustering: Clustering methods, Partition methods, Hierarchical
methods, Evaluation of clustering models. Association Rule: Structure of Association
Rule, Apriori Algorithm
Unit VI BI Applications
Syllabus Topics :
Tools for Business Intelligence, Role
of analytical tools in BI, Case study of Analytical Tools: WEKA, KNIME, Rapid Miner, R; Data analytics, Business
analytics, ERP and Business Intelligence, BI and operation management, BI in
inventory management system, BI and human resource management, BI Applications
in CRM, BI Applications in Marketing, BI Applications in Logistics and
Production, Role of BI in Finance, BI Applications in Banking, BI Applications
in Telecommunications, BI in salesforce management
|
Unit I Introduction to Decision support systems
and Business intelligence |
System and Decision-Making Basics:
Pyq Question:
- Define a system. Explain the concept of
decision-making in organizations. [5]
Introduction:
- In management and information studies, a system
explains how parts work together, while decision-making explains how
organizations choose actions to achieve goals.
Definition of System:
- A system is an organized collection of interrelated
components that work together as a whole to achieve a common objective in a
planned manner.
- Every system accepts inputs from its environment,
processes them using defined rules, and produces outputs that support
organizational activities.
Characteristics of a System:
- A system consists of multiple components that are
interdependent, meaning a change in one part affects the performance of other
parts.
- A system always works toward a specific goal, such
as efficiency, control, coordination, or problem-solving within an
organization.
- A system interacts continuously with its
environment by receiving inputs like data or resources and delivering useful
outputs.
Types of Systems in Organizations:
- Physical systems include tangible components such
as machines, computers, and hardware that support organizational operations.
- Abstract systems include policies,
procedures, rules, and workflows that guide decision-making and managerial
control.
Concept of Decision-Making:
- Decision-making is the process of selecting the
best possible course of action from available alternatives to solve a problem.
- In organizations, decision-making helps managers
plan activities, allocate resources, and respond effectively to internal and
external changes.
Steps in Organizational
Decision-Making:
- Decision-making begins with identifying and clearly
defining the problem that affects organizational performance or objectives.
- Relevant information is collected and analyzed to
understand constraints, opportunities, and possible solutions.
- Alternative solutions are evaluated carefully, and
the most suitable option is selected based on organizational goals.
- The chosen decision is implemented, and its
outcomes are monitored to ensure desired results are achieved.
Importance of Decision-Making in
Organizations:
- Effective decision-making improves efficiency,
reduces uncertainty, and helps organizations achieve long-term strategic
objectives.
- Good decisions support coordination among
departments and ensure optimal use of available resources.
Representation of Decision-Making
Process:
Pyq Question:
- Explain the representation of decision-making
process with block diagram. [5]
Introduction:
- Decision-making process representation explains how
managers move step by step from problem identification to final action in an
organized and logical manner.
Meaning of Decision-Making Process:
- Decision-making process is a systematic sequence of
activities used by managers to select the best alternative for achieving
organizational objectives.
- This process reduces uncertainty and improves
accuracy by following a structured flow of information and analysis.
Need for Block Diagram
Representation:
- Block diagram representation shows the logical flow
of decision-making steps in a simple visual sequence for better understanding.
- It helps students and managers remember the process
easily and explains how one step leads to the next step.
Diagram:
Explanation of Decision-Making Block
Diagram (Fig. Decision-Making Process Block Diagram):
- Problem identification block represents recognition
of an issue or opportunity that requires managerial attention and decision
action.
- Information collection block gathers relevant data,
facts, and constraints needed to understand the problem clearly.
- Alternative development block focuses on generating
possible solutions that can solve the identified problem effectively.
- Evaluation of alternatives block compares each
option based on cost, benefit, feasibility, and organizational goals.
- Selection of best alternative block involves
choosing the most suitable solution that provides maximum benefit with minimum
risk.
- Implementation block puts the selected decision
into action through proper planning, communication, and resource allocation.
- Feedback block checks the results of the decision
and provides corrective measures if outcomes differ from expectations.
Advantages of Structured
Decision-Making Representation:
- Structured representation improves clarity, reduces
confusion, and supports consistent decision-making across different
organizational levels.
- It helps managers analyze complex problems
logically and improves coordination between planning and execution activities.
